Water Treatment

Media Filtration

Media filtration employs typical filtration vessels filled with some type of media used for filtration of Water. Such media include Sand, Activated Carbon, Manganese Greensand and certain speciality media. With a variety of medias available, specific types can be chosen for a particular application.

Membrane Technology

In water treatment, membranes are barriers introduced to stop unwanted substances from passing through while allowing water. Membranes can filter out suspended solids, salts, impurities, viruses, and other particles from water. A membrane process relies on a membrane barrier and the pressure differential across the barrier. The technology has evolved very much today, helping to treat different qualities of water to different levels of purity as desired.

Ultrafiltration

Ultrafiltration (UF) is a filtration process that employs a membrane to separate suspended solids, colloids, bacteria and some viruses. This technique uses membranes with pore size around 0.01 micron. UF cannot remove dissolved substances and salts.

Nanofiltration

Nanofiltration (NF) membranes have a pore size around 0.001 micron. It removes most organic molecules, nearly all viruses and a range of salts. NF removes divalent ions, which causes hardness. Hence nanofiltration is often used to soften hard water. However, it is not effective for removal of monovalent ions of salts such as Sodium Chloride.

Reverse Osmosis

Reverse osmosis (RO) membranes have a pore size around 0.0001 micron. It removes monovalent ions, which means that it can be used to remove salt from Water (Desalination). RO is used extensively in Water treatment as they can remove almost all impurities from Water.

Demineralization & Ion Exchange

Demineralization (DM) is a term commonly used to describe removal of minerals from water, mostly by Ion Exchange. The process involves the removal of electrically charged (ionized) minerals by binding them to positively or negatively charged sites on a resin.

Disinfection

When disease causing microorganisms are not removed from water, they can multiply and cause illnesses. Hence removal, deactivation or killing of such organisms are necessary to make water safe for usage, and processes intended for these are called Disinfection. Methods followed are

  • Ultraviolet Sterilization
  • Chlorination
  • Ozonation
  • Other Disinfection Systems

Agricultural Water Treatment

Agricultural Water Treatment involves processes that are used to treat the Irrigation Water for purposes such as handling, transportation or removal of specific substances to reduce the risk of plant life.

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